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--- winston_churchill [2024/06/14 04:09]
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 Winston Churchill was born on November 30, 1874, at Blenheim Palace, a residence given to his ancestor, the 1st Duke of Marlborough.[([[https://www.nationalchurchillmuseum.org/winston-churchill-early-life.html|nationalchurchillmuseum]])]
+===== Family Lineage =====
+He was a direct descendant of John Churchill, the 1st Duke of Marlborough.[([[https://study.com/academy/lesson/john-churchill-duke-of-marlborough-biography-facts.html|study]])]
+===== Dual Citizenship =====
+His mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American, giving Churchill dual British and American heritage.[([[https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/myths/churchills-american-heritage/|winstonchurchill]])]
+===== School Struggles =====
+Churchill had a difficult time in school and was often considered rebellious and unacademic.[([[https://www.thecollector.com/winston-churchill-dark-side/|thecollector]])]
+===== Military School =====
+Despite academic challenges, he attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and graduated 20th out of a class of 130.[([[https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/young-soldier/|winstonchurchill]])]
+===== War Correspondent =====
+Before becoming a politician, Churchill worked as a war correspondent, covering conflicts in Cuba, India, Sudan, and South Africa.[([[https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/articles/zr3747h|bbc]])]
+===== Captured and Escaped =====
+During the Second Boer War, he was captured and made a daring escape from a POW camp, gaining national fame.[([[https://www.history.com/news/the-daring-escape-that-forged-winston-churchill|history]])]
+===== Political Debut =====
+He entered politics in 1900 as a Conservative MP for Oldham but switched to the Liberal Party in 1904.[([[https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/winston-churchill|gov uk]])]
+===== First Lord of the Admiralty =====
+In 1911, he became the First Lord of the Admiralty, preparing the Royal Navy for World War I.[([[https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/churchills-first-world-war|iwm]])]
+===== Gallipoli Campaign =====
+He faced criticism for the failed Gallipoli Campaign in WWI, which led to his temporary political downfall.[([[https://kirkcenter.org/essays/churchill-defends-the-gallipoli-campaign/|kirkcenter]])]
+===== Frontline Service =====
+After Gallipoli, he served on the Western Front in WWI as a battalion commander.[([[https://www.dva.gov.au/newsroom/media-centre/media-backgrounders/stories-australians-gallipoli-and-western-front|dva]])]
+===== Political Comeback =====
+He re-entered government in various roles, including Minister of Munitions and Secretary of State for War.[([[https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Winston-Churchill/|historic-uk]])]
+===== Literary Pursuits =====
+Churchill was an accomplished writer, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his historical writings and speeches.[([[https://kirkcenter.org/essays/churchill-defends-the-gallipoli-campaign/|kirkcenter]])]
+===== Historical Works =====
+His famous works include "The Second World War" and "A History of the English-Speaking Peoples."[([[https://www.jamescumminsbookseller.com/pages/author/1036/winston-churchill/?orderBy=|jamescumminsbookseller]])]
+===== Championed Social Reforms =====
+As a Liberal, he advocated for social reforms, including labor exchanges and unemployment insurance.[([[https://academic.oup.com/book/12160/chapter/161573928|oup]])]
+===== Back to Conservatives =====
+In 1924, Churchill rejoined the Conservative Party and became Chancellor of the Exchequer.[([[https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/yourcountry/collections/churchillexhibition/churchill-the-orator/gold-standard/|parliament]])]
+===== Gold Standard =====
+As Chancellor, he controversially returned Britain to the Gold Standard, which was economically damaging.[([[https://mises.org/mises-daily/real-churchill|mises]])]
+===== Warned of Nazi Threat =====
+During the 1930s, he was one of the few politicians to warn about the dangers posed by Nazi Germany.[([[https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/churchill/wc-hour.html|loc]])]
+===== Prime Minister in WWII =====
+He became Prime Minister in May 1940 and led Britain through its darkest hours in WWII.[([[https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/how-churchill-led-britain-to-victory-in-the-second-world-war|iwm]])]
+===== Iconic Speeches =====
+His speeches, such as "We shall fight on the beaches," inspired the British public during WWII.[([[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/winston-churchills-historic-fight-them-beaches-speech-wasnt-heard-public-until-after-wwii-180967278/|smithsonianmag]])]
+===== The Big Three =====
+He worked closely with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin to shape the Allied strategy.[([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Winston-Churchill|britannica]])]
+===== Yalta Conference =====
+He participated in the Yalta Conference, which discussed the post-war reorganization of Europe.[([[https://europe.unc.edu/the-end-of-wwii-and-the-division-of-europe/|unc]])]
+===== Iron Curtain Speech =====
+In 1946, he coined the term "Iron Curtain" in a speech in the United States, marking the start of the Cold War.[([[https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/winston-churchills-iron-curtain-speech-march-5-1946|nationalww2museum]])]
+===== Out of Office =====
+He lost the 1945 election but returned as Prime Minister from 1951 to 1955.[([[https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/winston-churchill|gov uk]])]
+===== Nobel Prize =====
+Churchill received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his numerous published works, including his six-volume set "The Second World War."[([[https://www.amazon.com/Second-World-War-Volumes/dp/B005NS30ZG|amazon]])]
+===== Knighted =====
+He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, becoming Sir Winston Churchill.[([[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/april-24-winston-churchill-knighted-queen-elizabeth-ii-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2|linkedin]])]
+===== Talented Artist =====
+Churchill was an accomplished amateur painter, producing over 500 paintings in his lifetime.[([[https://www.nationalchurchillmuseum.org/the-artist-winston-churchill.html|nationalchurchillmuseum]])]
+===== Cuban Cigar =====
+He was famously known for his love of Cuban cigars, often seen with one in hand.[([[https://cigarchief.com/blog/a-history-of-famous-cigar-smokers/|cigarchief]])]
+===== Bricklayer =====
+Churchill enjoyed bricklaying and even joined the Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers as an honorary member.[([[https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-32413|oxforddnb]])]
+===== Public Health Advocate =====
+He was instrumental in the establishment of the National Health Service, despite initial Conservative opposition.[([[https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-193/winston-churchill-and-aneurin-bevan/|winstonchurchill]])]
+===== Prescient Visionary =====
+Churchill foresaw the potential for nuclear power and advocated for British development of atomic energy.[([[https://www.icij.org/inside-icij/2014/10/churchill-urged-us-wipe-out-moscow-bomb/|icij]])]
+===== Prolific Writer =====
+Apart from historical works, he wrote a novel, "Savrola," and numerous articles.[([[https://winstonchurchill.hillsdale.edu/savrola-novel-monaco-edition/|winstonchurchill]])]
+===== Personality =====
+He was known for his wit and sharp tongue, delivering many memorable quotes and retorts.[([[https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/man-of-words/churchills-clever-wit/|winstonchurchill]])]
+===== World Citizen =====
+Churchill traveled extensively, visiting countries across Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia.[([[https://www.quora.com/How-did-state-leaders-like-Churchill-and-Roosevelt-travel-to-theatres-of-conflict-and-high-level-meetings-in-WW2-Was-air-travel-the-standard-mode-If-so-wasnt-it-risky-I-cannot-imagine-the-logistics-required-to-make|quora]])]
+===== Frequent Health Issues =====
+Throughout his life, Churchill suffered from various health problems, including depression, which he referred to as his "black dog."[([[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0141076818808428|sagepub]])]
+===== Married Life =====
+He married Clementine Hozier in 1908, and they had a strong partnership that lasted until his death.[([[https://www.history.com/news/meet-the-woman-behind-winston-churchill|history]])]
+===== Children =====
+The Churchills had five children: Diana, Randolph, Sarah, Marigold, and Mary.[([[https://www.captivatinghistory.com/winston-churchills-personal-life/|captivatinghistory]])]
+===== Honorary U.S. Citizen =====
+In 1963, Churchill was made an honorary citizen of the United States by President John F. Kennedy.[([[https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/jfkwhf-whn16|jfklibrary]])]
+===== Legacy in Film =====
+Churchill's life has been the subject of numerous films and television series, with actors such as Gary Oldman and Albert Finney portraying him.[([[https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-179/five-best-churchill-films/|winstonchurchill]])]
+===== Greatest Briton =====
+In a 2002 BBC poll, he was voted the Greatest Briton of all time.[([[https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/parliamentary-archives/Churchill-for-web-Mar-2014.pdf|parliament]])]
+===== State Funeral =====
+Churchill received a state funeral in 1965, which was attended by world leaders and broadcast globally.[([[https://news.sky.com/story/how-the-queen-requested-sir-winston-churchill-to-receive-a-full-state-funeral-the-largest-britain-has-seen-12698668|sky news]])]
+===== Burial Place =====
+He is buried in St. Martin's Church, Bladon, near his birthplace at Blenheim Palace.[([[https://www.britainexpress.com/counties/oxfordshire/churches/bladon.htm|britainexpress]])]
+===== Hobbies =====
+Beyond politics and writing, Churchill enjoyed horse riding, polo, and painting.[([[https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-32413|oxforddnb]])]
+===== War Rooms =====
+The Churchill War Rooms in London, used during WWII, are now a popular museum.[([[https://www.letmeshowyoulondon.com/churchill-war-rooms-everything-you-need-to-know/|letmeshowyoulondon]])]
+===== Public Speaking =====
+Despite his later prowess, Churchill initially had a lisp and worked hard to become an effective public speaker.[([[https://alexanderemmanual.com/the-winston-churchill-guide-to-public-speaking/|alexanderemmanual]])]

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