Trosky Castle is a castle located on an extinct volcano in the Czech Republic. There, a strange volcano with two craters was active 16 million years ago. In the 14th century, a local nobleman ordered two towers erected on its basalt remains, the taller Virgin (57 m) and the lower Baba (47 m). The rocks under the towers were connected by a 15-meter high wall, creating the courtyard of an amazing castle. The fortress towers over the area — it stands on a hill 514 meters above sea level. ¹⁾

Scientists found that about one-third of volcanoes is about 4 kilometers away from magma chambers. In the case of five volcanoes (two in Japan, two in Indonesia, and one in Mexico), this distance between the cone and the magma chamber that powers it exceeds even 10 kilometers. This discovery was a big surprise; according to the established view of volcanology, the magma reservoirs are located directly below the volcanoes. ²⁾

Exposure to ash can be harmful as it contains crystalline silica, a material that causes the respiratory disease silicosis. Small particles of ash can also be harmful to the eye. ³⁾

The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo eruption 1991 was so massive that it spat more than a cubic mile of material into the air. It also created a column of ash that rose 22 miles in the atmosphere.⁴⁾

The tallest volcano in the solar system is Olympus Mons on Mars. This volcano is 27 kilometers high and measures 550 kilometers across. ⁵⁾

Contrary to popular notions spread by Hollywood, volcano craters are usually “dry” and lava lakes are found in only 3 volcanoes in the world. These are Erta Ale, Erebus and Nyiragongo. Until 2019, a lava lake was also found in the crater of the Kilauea volcano, but it disappeared due to an eruption. Lava lakes also occasionally appear in the craters of Villarrica, Marum, and Masaya volcanoes, but they often disappear. ⁶⁾

Mayon - an active volcano on the island of Luzon in the Philippines with an elevation of 8,000 feet above sea level, classified as a stratovolcano. Mayon is currently considered the most active volcano in the Philippines. Eruptions have been recorded since 1616, with the most recent occurring in 2018. The most tragic eruption was in 1814, which destroyed many surrounding towns and caused 1,200 deaths. ⁷⁾

How many active volcanoes are there on the European continent - not including the surrounding islands? Only one. It is Vesuvius. The rest of Europe's volcanoes are on islands, with the largest number on Iceland (about 20-35). ⁸⁾

Taupo supervolcano last erupted about 26,500 years ago. Toba last erupted about 74,000 years ago, Identified explosions of Yellowstone supervolcano occurred 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and 640,000 years ago. Laacher See supervolcano last erupted about 10,930 B.P. or about 13,000 years ago. During this eruption, an area in the Rhine Valley was covered with a 7-meter layer of ash and pumice. ⁹⁾

Oræfajökull is a volcano in Iceland surrounded by the Vatnajökull, Skeiðarárjökull and Skaftafellsjökull glaciers. Öræfajökull volcano is the highest peak in Iceland - its highest point is called Hvannadalshnúkur (6922 ft). Oræfajökull last erupted in 1727. ¹⁰⁾