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--- plato [2024/08/23 06:03]
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+++ plato [2024/08/29 06:57] (current)
eziothekilla34
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 Plato was born around 427 BCE in Athens, Greece, into a wealthy and influential family with political connections.[([[https://iep.utm.edu/plato/|iep]])]
+===== Athenian Noble =====
+Plato was born into an aristocratic family in Athens, around 427-428 BCE.[([[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Plato|britannica]])]
+===== Socrates' Student =====
+Plato was a devoted student of Socrates, whose teachings deeply influenced his philosophy.[([[https://www.quora.com/Who-was-Socrates-and-why-was-he-so-important-to-Plato-What-were-his-contributions-to-philosophy-besides-being-the-student-of-Plato|quora]])]
+===== Critic of Democracy =====
+Plato was critical of Athenian democracy, which he believed led to the execution of Socrates.[([[https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Plato-critical-of-Athenian-democracy|quora]])]
+===== Founder of the Academy =====
+Plato founded the Academy in Athens around 387 BCE, one of the first institutions of higher learning in the Western world.[([[https://platosacademy.org/a-short-history-of-platos-academy/|platosacademy]])]
+===== The Republic =====
+His most famous work, "The Republic," outlines his vision of an ideal society governed by philosopher-kings.[([[https://medium.com/@HarmonyHub/the-political-philosophy-of-plato-4f9332272829|medium]])]
+===== Theory of Forms =====
+Plato is known for his Theory of Forms, which posits that the material world is a shadow of a higher, unchanging reality.[([[https://study.com/learn/lesson/plato-theory-forms-realm-physical.html|study]])]
+===== Mathematical Influence =====
+Plato emphasized mathematics in his teachings, believing it led to philosophical truth. The Academy’s entrance supposedly bore the inscription: "Let no one ignorant of geometry enter here."[([[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/253801.Science_and_the_Modern_World|goodreads]])]
+===== Dialogues =====
+Plato wrote his philosophical ideas in dialogue form, often featuring Socrates as a character.[([[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato/|stanford]])]
+===== The Allegory of the Cave =====
+This famous metaphor, found in "The Republic," illustrates Plato's view on human perception and the journey toward knowledge.[([[https://www.masterclass.com/articles/allegory-of-the-cave-explainede|masterclass]])]
+===== Idealism =====
+Plato is often considered the founder of idealism in philosophy, which asserts that reality is fundamentally mental or immaterial.[([[https://aithor.com/essay-examples/influence-of-idealism-and-realism-on-the-philosophy-of-education|aithor]])]
+===== Dualism =====
+He proposed a dualistic view of reality, dividing existence into the physical world and the world of Forms.[([[https://www.philoschools.com/socratic-philosophy/plato/theory-of-forms|philoschools]])]
+===== Atlantis =====
+Plato is the earliest known source of the Atlantis myth, which he mentioned in his dialogues "Timaeus" and "Critias."[([[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1086018|jstor]])]
+===== Influence on Christianity =====
+Plato’s ideas, especially his concept of an eternal soul, significantly influenced early Christian thought.[([[https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/13/3/77|mdpi]])]
+===== Myth of Er =====
+In "The Republic," Plato describes the Myth of Er, a story about the afterlife that discusses justice and the fate of the soul.[([[https://www.thoughtco.com/the-myth-of-er-120332|thoughtco]])]
+===== Three Parts of the Soul =====
+Plato believed the soul had three parts: the rational, the spirited, and the appetitive.[([[https://philosophycourse.info/platosite/3schart.html|philosophycourse]])]
+===== Euthyphro Dilemma =====
+In the dialogue "Euthyphro," Plato presents a dilemma about whether something is good because the gods will it or whether the gods will it because it is good.[([[https://www.str.org/w/euthyphro-s-dilemma-1|str]])]
+===== Philosopher Kings =====
+Plato’s ideal rulers, philosopher-kings, are those who possess wisdom and love knowledge above all else.[([[https://wisdomshort.com/philosophers/plato/on-philosopher-kings|wisdomshort]])]
+===== Symposium =====
+In "The Symposium," Plato explores the nature of love through a series of speeches given by different characters.[([[https://www.shortform.com/blog/plato-on-love-symposium/|shortform]])]
+===== Phaedrus =====
+Another of Plato’s dialogues, "Phaedrus," discusses the nature of the soul and the concept of divine madness.[([[https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/apeiron-2023-0065/html|degruyter]])]
+===== Critique of Poets =====
+In "The Republic," Plato famously criticizes poets, particularly Homer, for presenting misleading images of the gods and heroes.[([[http://socialsciences.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-512X2008000100001|scielo]])]
+===== Plato's Apology =====
+This dialogue is a defense of Socrates, presenting the speech he made at his trial.[([[https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/e/euthyphro-apology-crito-and-phaedo/summary-and-analysis/apology|cliffsnotes]])]
+===== Theory of Knowledge =====
+Plato believed that true knowledge is recollection, as discussed in the "Meno" and "Phaedo."[([[https://iep.utm.edu/meno-2/|iep]])]
+===== Justice as Harmony =====
+In "The Republic," Plato argues that justice is a harmonious relationship between the three parts of the soul.[([[https://study.com/academy/lesson/platos-tripartite-theory-of-the-soul-definition-parts.html|study]])]
+===== The Academy's Influence =====
+The Academy lasted for over 900 years, influencing countless philosophers, including Aristotle, who was Plato’s student.[([[https://platosacademy.org/a-short-history-of-platos-academy/|platosacademy]])]
+===== Political Philosophy =====
+Plato’s political ideas laid the foundation for Western political theory, particularly his belief in a hierarchical society.[([[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-021-00536-3|springer]])]
+===== Platonic Love =====
+The term "Platonic love" originates from Plato’s writings, particularly "The Symposium," and refers to a deep but non-sexual affection between people.[([[https://morungexpress.com/beauty-platonic-love|morungexpress]])]
+===== Criticism of Rhetoric =====
+In the "Gorgias," Plato criticizes rhetoric as a form of flattery rather than a true art.[([[https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1740&context=thesesdissertations|digitalscholarship]])]
+===== Plato's Letters =====
+While their authenticity is debated, a collection of letters attributed to Plato provides insights into his life and thoughts.[([[https://aeon.co/essays/what-the-controversial-letters-of-plato-reveal-about-us|aeon]])]
+===== Influence on Neoplatonism =====
+Plato’s ideas were revived and expanded upon by Neoplatonists like Plotinus in the 3rd century CE.[([[https://minervawisdom.com/2022/12/30/plotinus-and-the-philosophy-of-neoplatonism/|minervawisdom]])]
+===== Plato's Influence on Aristotle =====
+While Aristotle diverged from Plato in many ways, his early education at the Academy shaped his own philosophical pursuits.[([[https://investinhistory.ca/2024/02/14/aristotle-athens-greatest-philosopher/|investinhistory]])]
+===== Myth of the Metals =====
+In "The Republic," Plato introduces a noble lie about the origin of citizens’ souls to maintain social harmony.[([[https://medium.com/@gryzbeck.maximilian/a-summary-of-the-republic-plato-ff0f5a5e456b|medium]])]
+===== Doctrine of Anamnesis =====
+Plato believed that learning is the recollection of knowledge the soul had before birth.[([[https://www.toolshero.com/personal-development/plato-theory-of-recollection/|toolshero]])]
+===== Plato's Influence on Education =====
+His belief in educating rulers and citizens alike laid early foundations for the concept of liberal arts education.[([[https://voegelinview.com/platos-republic-core-curriculum-multiculturalism-canon-debate/|voegelinview]])]
+===== Platonic Realism =====
+His theory of Forms has led to the philosophical position known as Platonic realism, which posits that universals exist independently of the physical world.[([[https://study.com/learn/lesson/plato-theory-forms-realm-physical.html|study]])]
+===== Plato’s Unfinished Works =====
+Some of Plato’s dialogues, like the "Critias," remain unfinished.[([[https://philpapers.org/browse/plato-critias|philpapers]])]
+===== Platonic Solids =====
+Plato discussed five regular polyhedra in "Timaeus," which are now known as the Platonic solids.[([[https://www.britannica.com/science/Platonic-solid|britannica]])]
+===== Plato's Death =====
+Plato is believed to have died around 348-347 BCE, possibly in his early 80s.[([[https://www.biography.com/scholars-educators/plato|biography]])]
+===== Influence on Islamic Philosophy =====
+Plato’s works were highly influential in the Islamic Golden Age, especially through the writings of philosophers like Al-Farabi and Avicenna.[([[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-influence/|stanford]])]
+===== Platonic Dualism =====
+His dualistic view influenced René Descartes, who also separated mind and body in his philosophy.[([[https://iep.utm.edu/descartes-mind-body-distinction-dualism/|iep]])]
+===== No Written Record by Socrates =====
+Despite being one of the most influential philosophers, Socrates left no writings; most of what we know about him comes from Plato.[([[https://www.reddit.com/r/philosophy/comments/p62cwx/despite_being_the_greatest_and_most_influential/|reddit]])]
+===== Plato's Parable of the Ship =====
+In "The Republic," Plato uses the parable of a ship to illustrate his ideas about leadership and the philosopher-king.[([[https://www.e-ir.info/2013/04/17/should-philosophers-rule/|e-ir]])]
+===== Plato’s Dialogue Style =====
+His use of dialogues allowed him to explore different perspectives and ideas without committing to a single viewpoint.[([[https://www.quora.com/Given-that-all-or-most-of-Platos-dialogues-have-Socrates-expressing-his-viewpoint-how-do-we-know-what-Plato-actually-believed-Could-all-of-what-we-describe-as-Platonic-philosophy-instead-be-Socratic-philosophy|quora]])]
+===== Plato's Influence on St. Augustine =====
+St. Augustine, one of the most important Christian theologians, was deeply influenced by Platonic thought, particularly its emphasis on the immaterial.[([[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/|stanford]])]
+===== Concept of the Ideal State =====
+Plato's ideal state was highly structured, with citizens divided into classes based on their abilities and the needs of society.[([[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/platos-ideal-state-utopian-vision-governance-karthik-rajendran-ptddc|linkedin]])]

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