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--- nigerian_civil_war [2023/08/17 13:23]
eziothekilla34 created
+++ nigerian_civil_war [2023/08/22 06:08] (current)
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 The war ended in 1970 with Biafra's surrender, and the region was reintegrated into Nigeria.[([[https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/through-the-lens-of-history-biafra-nigeria-the-west-and-the-world/the-republic-of-biafra/the-dawn-of-national-reconciliation|historians]])]
+===== Biafran Flag =====
+The Biafran flag, featuring a rising sun, remains a symbol of the secessionist movement.[([[https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/166/oa_monograph/chapter/3425518|jhu]])]
+===== Impact On Various Landscapes =====
+The war had a lasting impact on Nigeria's political, social, and economic landscape.[([[https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria/overview|worldbank]])]
+===== Challenges Of Managing Diversities =====
+The conflict highlighted the challenges of managing ethnic and regional diversity within the country.[([[https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/ethnic-diversity-and-conflict-in-nigeria/|accord]])]
+===== No Victor, No Vanquished =====
+The Nigerian government adopted a policy of "no victor, no vanquished" after the war, aimed at promoting national reconciliation.[([[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27027778|jstor]])]
+===== Oil-rich Delta =====
+The oil-rich Niger Delta region played a significant role in the conflict due to its economic importance.[([[https://www.irenees.net/bdf_fiche-analyse-948_en.html|irenees]])]
+===== Limitations Of African Unity =====
+The war revealed the limitations of African unity and regional organizations in resolving internal conflicts.[([[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2009715|jstor]])]
+===== Injustices And Atrocities =====
+Many prominent individuals, including Chinua Achebe, spoke out about the injustices and atrocities committed during the war.[([[https://www.facebook.com/Biafranupdate/photos/a.2027620727558017/2651758105144273/?type=3|facebook]])]
+===== Involvement Of Foreign Powers =====
+The Biafran War saw the involvement of various foreign powers through arms sales and diplomatic efforts.[([[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/biafran-war-and-postcolonial-humanitarianism/end-of-biafra-the-end-of-the-lobby/AEE51F0C5FC02A834A38F46A8C5A5721|cambridge]])]
+===== Refugee Crisis =====
+The war led to a significant refugee crisis, with displaced people seeking refuge within Nigeria and neighboring countries.[([[https://www.icrc.org/en/where-we-work/africa/nigeria/nigeria-refugee-crisis-idps|icrc]])]
+===== Efforts To Rebuild War-torn Regions =====
+After the war, efforts were made to rebuild the war-torn regions and reintegrate former Biafran soldiers into the Nigerian military.[([[https://escholarship.org/content/qt0nw283jj/qt0nw283jj.pdf?t=qkv60z|escholarship]])]
+===== Nigerian Diaspora =====
+The conflict fueled the growth of a Nigerian diaspora as people fled the violence and sought opportunities abroad.
+[([[https://migrants-refugees.va/country-profile/nigeria/|migrants-refugees]])]
+===== Pivotal Moment =====
+It marked a pivotal moment in African post-colonial history, shaping discussions on statehood, self-determination, and sovereignty.[([[https://academic.oup.com/book/3058/chapter/143808410|academic]])]
+===== Debates On Role Of Natural Resources =====
+The war's aftermath spurred debates on the role of natural resources in fueling conflict and secessionist movements.[([[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/es/578321468762592831/pdf/282450Natural0resources0violent0conflict.pdf|worldbank]])]
+===== Seperatist Movements Across Africa =====
+Biafra's struggle for independence inspired other separatist movements across Africa.[([[https://theowp.org/reports/the-rise-of-separatism-in-africa-possible-consequence-of-russias-recognition-of-separatist-regions-in-eastern-ukraine/|theowp]])]
+===== Influence On Culture =====
+The conflict influenced literature, music, and art, giving rise to creative expressions of the war's impact on society.[([[https://books.openedition.org/ifra/610|openedition]])]
+===== Sensitive And Debated Topic =====
+The war is still a sensitive and debated topic in Nigeria, with differing views on its causes and consequences.[([[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2014.936700|tandfonline]])]
+===== Nigerian Civil War Memorial =====
+The Nigerian Civil War Memorial, located in Umuahia, commemorates the conflict and its victims.[([[https://cap-press.com/pdf/9781611638806.pdf|cap-press]])]
+===== Impact On Strategy And Doctrine =====
+The war had a significant impact on Nigeria's military strategy and doctrine, leading to reforms and modernization.[([[https://www.jstor.org/stable/45072556|jstor]])]
+===== Challenges Of Effective Interventions =====
+It exposed the challenges of conducting effective humanitarian interventions in conflict zones.[([[https://nationalplanning.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/STRATEGIC-APPROACHES-TO-ADDRESSIG-HUMANITARIAN-CHALLENGES-IN-NIGERIA-1.docx|nationalplanning]])]
+===== Debates On Federalism, Decentralization And Power Sharing =====
+The war's legacy continues to shape debates on federalism, decentralization, and power sharing in Nigeria.[([[https://www.etd.ceu.edu/2008/pphorn01.pdf|etd]])]
+===== Conflict's Scars =====
+The conflict's scars are visible in the social fabric of the country, influencing identity politics and regional tensions.[([[https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/95530/119.pdf|etd]])]
+===== Role Of International Community =====
+The war spurred discussions on the role of the international community in preventing and resolving conflicts in Africa.[([[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26893834|jstor]])]
+===== Post-war Efforts =====
+Post-war efforts focused on fostering national unity and addressing grievances through policies of inclusion.[([[https://www.thecable.ng/the-case-for-a-national-peace-policy-in-nigeria|thecable]])]
+===== Economic Impact =====
+The war's economic impact was felt for years, with rebuilding efforts requiring substantial resources.[([[https://en.unesco.org/courier/news-views-online/first-world-war-and-its-consequences-africa|unesco]])]
+===== Biafra's Struggle For Independence =====
+Biafra's struggle for independence was characterized by a mixture of desperation, resilience, and resourcefulness.[([[https://commonreads.com/book/?isbn=9781524781705|commonreads]])]
+===== Conflict's Memory =====
+The conflict's memory is preserved through museums, oral histories, and educational initiatives across Nigeria.[([[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/documentation-nigerias-memories-abati-odumakin-others-profer-solution/|vanguardngr]])]
+===== Colonial Legacies And Contemporary Conflicts =====
+The war highlighted the complex relationship between colonial legacies and contemporary conflicts in Africa.[([[https://journals.openedition.org/poldev/78|openedition]])]
+===== Collateral Damage =====
+The war's impact on civilian populations brought attention to the concept of "collateral damage" in warfare.[([[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/investigations/2023/07/03/exclusive-civilians-targeted-nigerias-war-boko|thenewhumanitarian]])]
+===== Exploitation Of Youth =====
+The experience of child soldiers during the war raised awareness about the exploitation of youth in armed conflicts.[([[https://www.unicef.org/protection/children-recruited-by-armed-forces|unicef]])]
+===== Stark Reminder =====
+The Nigerian Civil War serves as a stark reminder of the importance of addressing grievances and inequalities to prevent the escalation of conflict.[([[https://acjol.org/index.php/owijoppa/article/download/3720/3643|acjol]])]

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