Muhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia.¹⁾

His father, Abdullah, died before his birth, and his mother, Amina, passed away when he was six years old.²⁾

After his mother's death, Muhammad was raised by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, and later by his uncle, Abu Talib.³⁾

He worked as a shepherd in his youth and later as a merchant, gaining a reputation for honesty.⁴⁾

He was known as “Al-Amin,” meaning “the Trustworthy,” for his integrity and reliability.⁵⁾

Muhammad married Khadijah, a wealthy widow 15 years his senior, at the age of 25.⁶⁾

Khadijah was Muhammad's first and only wife for 25 years until her death, and she was the first person to convert to Islam.⁷⁾

Muhammad and Khadijah had six children, including four daughters and two sons, both of whom died young.⁸⁾

Fatimah, his daughter, is especially revered in Islam, and through her, Muhammad's lineage continued.⁹⁾

At the age of 40, Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira, near Mecca.¹⁰⁾

The revelations Muhammad received over 23 years became the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam.¹¹⁾

According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad experienced the Isra and Mi'raj, a miraculous night journey to Jerusalem and ascension to the heavens.¹²⁾

Muhammad and his followers faced severe persecution in Mecca due to their monotheistic beliefs.¹³⁾

In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina in an event known as the Hijra, marking the start of the Islamic calendar.¹⁴⁾

In Medina, Muhammad established a cohesive Muslim community and a constitution that outlined the rights and duties of all citizens, including Jews and non-Muslims.¹⁵⁾

Muhammad led his followers in several battles against the Meccan forces, including the famous Battle of Badr, Uhud, and the Battle of the Trench.¹⁶⁾

In 628 CE, Muhammad signed a truce with the Meccans, known as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which allowed Muslims to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.¹⁷⁾

In 630 CE, Muhammad and his followers peacefully conquered Mecca, and he forgave his former enemies.¹⁸⁾

Upon entering Mecca, Muhammad ordered the cleansing of the Kaaba, removing idols and rededicating it to the worship of Allah alone.¹⁹⁾

In his final sermon during the Farewell Pilgrimage in 632 CE, Muhammad emphasized equality, justice, and the importance of following the Qur'an and his teachings.²⁰⁾

Muhammad died on June 8, 632 CE, in Medina, where he is buried in the Prophet's Mosque.²¹⁾

Muhammad's central message was the belief in one God (Allah) and that he was God's final messenger.²²⁾

His teachings form the basis of Islamic law, known as Shari'a, which covers all aspects of life.²³⁾

His sayings and actions, recorded in Hadiths, are a primary source of Islamic jurisprudence and moral guidance.²⁴⁾

Muhammad improved the status of women in Arabian society, advocating for their rights in marriage, inheritance, and education.²⁵⁾

He emphasized the importance of charity (Zakat) and caring for the poor and vulnerable.²⁶⁾