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Mongol Empire
One Of The Largest In The World
The Mongol Empire was the world's greatest empire after the British Empire. It was the world's biggest contiguous empire. It encompassed a massive area of 9.3 square miles or 23 million square kilometers at its greatest extent, accounting for approximately 16.11 percent of the entire geographical area of the World. 1)
Nomads
Mongols were nomads for as long as the Mongolian Empire existed. They used to roam in quest of food and shelter. 2)
Foundation
Genghis Khan was born as Temujin in 1162 AD. His family was impoverished and struggled to make ends meet. He was kidnapped and imprisoned by a competing tribe, but he managed to escape and hide in a river fissure. Between 1178 and 1206, he unified several nomadic tribes of the Mongolian steppe in northeast Asia, eventually establishing the empire in 1206 AD. 3)
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan grew up on the frigid Mongolian grasslands. In his youth, he was known as Temujin. Temujin translates to “iron” in English. Ogedei, Tolui, Chagatai, and Jochi were Genghis Khan's four sons. Tolui's son, Kublai Khan, was another renowned Mongolian monarch. 4)
Early Expeditions
Mongols waged war against the Western Xia, who governed northwest China and portions of Tibet, from 1207 until 1210 AD. In 1210, the Xia surrendered to Genghis Khan. In 1211, Genghis Khan and his army crossed the Gobi Desert to fight the Jin Dynasty in northern China. Mongols invaded Zhongdu, the capital of the Jin Dynasty, in 1215 AD. 5)
Merciless
The Mongols were infamous for their ruthlessness in combat. To conquer the kingdoms, they destroyed everything and ruthlessly killed people everywhere they went. 6)
Successful Campaigns
Genghis Khan and his troops launched a war against Transoxiana in 1219 AD (Now Central Asia). Mongols overthrew the Khwarezmid Empire in 1221 AD. They attacked and defeated the Kingdom of Georgia in 1223 AD. When Genghis Khan died in 1227 AD, his son Ogedei Khan ascended to the throne, and in 1235 AD, he built Karakorum, which is today in Mongolia. 7)
Babur
Babur, the first Mughal Emperor, was from the Mongol clan of the Barlas. 8)
Spreading Out
Between 1236 and 1260 AD, Mongols invaded and destroyed Korea and the Song Dynasty of China, while also defeating minor kingdoms in Armenia, Georgia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Syria, Egyptian Mamluks, and other places. 9)