Scotopic or night vision means that the human organ of vision works with very little light. In the scotopic vision, a person sees the world without colors, e.g. as in a black-and-white film. In the scotopic vision, the human eye can only distinguish the degree of brightness of elements in the environment. The ability to recognize details in an image also decreases. ¹⁾

Aortic valve stenosis accounts for 43 percent of all valve defects. This defect restricts blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, causing left ventricular hypertrophy. The most common cause of this disorder is calcification. ²⁾

The common carotid arteries are the major vessels supplying the head and neck. The left one departs from the aortic arch and the right one from the brachiocephalic trunk. ³⁾

Korbinian Brodmann became famous for mapping the brains of humans and primates into fields, which is still used today. The number of fields in humans is 47, but it reaches 52 in other primates. ⁴⁾

Aspartame is approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose, so it is used in significantly smaller doses. ⁵⁾