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--- kazakhstan [2021/09/20 13:37]
rapidplatypus [Tenge]
+++ kazakhstan [2022/01/04 03:28] (current)
aga
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 ==== Religion ====
 For decades, when Kazakhstan was part of the Soviet Union, there were attempts to limit and eradicate the dominant Islam. After independence, there was a great revival of the national identity of Kazakhs combined with the revival of religion. In just a few years, the number of mosques in the country increased several times. [([[https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/religious-beliefs-in-kazakhstan.html|World Atlas]])]
+==== Tenge ====
+Kazakhstan was one of the last countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States to introduce its own monetary unit. The national currency of Kazakhstan is the tenge. [([[https://astanatimes.com/2021/11/the-national-currency-of-independent-kazakhstan-a-historical-overview-of-the-tenge/|Astana Times]])]
+==== 1 BC ====
+The history and culture of Kazakhstan date back to the 1st century BC. [([[http://old.unesco.kz/heritagenet/kz/hn-english/history_en.htm|UNESCO]])]
+==== Semipalatinsk nuclear laboratories ====
+Kazakhstan was the site of ambitious Soviet projects, such as the Semipalatinsk nuclear laboratories, nuclear weapons testing. [([[https://www.rferl.org/a/semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-kazakhstan/31433543.html|Radio Free Europe]])]
+==== Baikonur Cosmodrome ====
+The Baikonur Cosmodrome, a Russian space launch complex was also located in Kazakhstan. [([[https://www.space.com/33947-baikonur-cosmodrome.html|Space]])]
+==== Nur-Sultan ====
+The capital of Kazakhstan is Nur-Sultan, the second most populous (after Almaty) city in the country. [([[https://elbasy.kz/en/capital-kazakhstan-nur-sultan|Elbasy]])]
+==== Khan Shatyr ====
+Khan Shatyr was the second building designed by British architect Norman Foster after the Pyramid of Peace and Reconciliation. [([[https://inhabitat.com/photos-foster-partners-newly-opened-worlds-biggest-tent/khan-shatyr-foster/|In Habitat]])]
+==== Implementing democratic reforms ====
+Kazakhstan is considered to be the country that is making the most progress in implementing democratic reforms compared to other Central Asian countries. [([[https://www.oecd.org/eurasia/countries/OECD-Eurasia-Reforming-Kazakhstan-EN.pdf|OECD]])]
+==== Uranium mining ====
+Kazakhstan has ranked first in the world in uranium ore mining for several years, overtaking the long-time leader, Canada. [([[http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/world-uranium-mining-production.aspx|World Nuclear]])]
+==== Environmental disasters ====
+Two major environmental disasters have been recorded within Kazakhstan's borders: the drying up of the Aral Sea and high radioactive contamination in areas of former nuclear testing. [([[https://unece.org/DAM/env/epr/epr_studies/Synopsis/ECE.CEP.185_ENG_Synopsis.pdf|UNECE]])]
+==== Turkic people ====
+Kazakhs are descendants of early Turkic peoples, and their culture has been influenced mainly by Mongolian, Persian, Russian, and Arabic cultures. [([[https://thediplomat.com/2016/06/the-epic-story-of-how-the-turks-migrated-from-central-asia-to-turkey/|The Diplomat]])]
+==== Landlocked ====
+Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the world. [([[https://www.thoughtco.com/largest-landlocked-countries-4158616|ThoughtCo]])]
+==== Charyn Canyon ====
+In the southeastern region of Kazakhstan, near the Tienshan Mountains, there is a canyon of the Charyn River, reminiscent of the Grand Canyon of Colorado. [([[https://www.almaty-kazakhstan.net/attractions/parks/charyn-canyon/|Almaty Kazakhstan]])]
 {{tag>geography travel culture history}}

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