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--- christopher_columbus [2023/09/11 02:47]
eziothekilla34 created
+++ christopher_columbus [2023/09/14 09:17] (current)
eziothekilla34
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 Columbus was the son of a wool merchant, and his family was not particularly wealthy.[([[https://www.ipl.org/essay/How-Did-Christopher-Columbus-Grow-Up-Poor-PKSVT5PMGXFT|ipl]])]
+===== Previous Jobs =====
+As a young man, Columbus worked as a mapmaker and sailor.[([[https://study.com/learn/lesson/christopher-columbus-biography-facts-who-was-christopher-columbus.html|study]])]
+===== Earth Is Smaller =====
+Columbus believed the Earth was smaller than most of his contemporaries did, and he thought he could reach Asia by sailing westward.[([[https://www.history.com/news/christopher-columbus-never-set-out-to-prove-the-earth-was-round|history]])]
+===== Seeking Support =====
+He sought support for his voyage from various European monarchs, including King John II of Portugal and Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain.[([[https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/columbus-reaches-the-new-world|history]])]
+===== Funding From Isabella Of Castille =====
+After years of lobbying, Columbus finally received funding from Queen Isabella of Castile, which led to his first voyage.[([[https://ap.gilderlehrman.org/resource/columbus-reports-his-first-voyage-1493|gilderlehrman]])]
+===== Set Sail With 3 Ships =====
+On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sail from Spain with three ships: the Santa María, the Pinta, and the Niña.[([[https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/aug3/columbus-sets-sail/|nationalgeographic]])]
+===== Bahamas Instead Of East Indies =====
+He reached the Bahamas on October 12, 1492, believing he had arrived in the East Indies.[([[https://ar.usembassy.gov/columbus-day/|usembassy]])]
+===== Beginning Of European Exploration And Colonization =====
+Columbus's voyages to the Americas marked the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the Western Hemisphere.[([[https://www.dhr.history.vt.edu/modules/us/mod01_pop/context.html|dhr]])]
+===== 4 Voyages =====
+He made a total of four voyages to the Americas between 1492 and 1504.[([[https://www.albany.edu/dept/sisp/jjpowers/WebCollabS05/explorers/html/columbus.htm|albany]])]
+===== Columbian Exchange =====
+Columbus's voyages were significant because they opened up a new world to European exploration and colonization, leading to the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, and culture between the Old World and the New World.[([[https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/old-and-new-worlds-collide/a/the-columbian-exchange-ka|khanacademy]])]
+===== Often Credited With Discovering America =====
+Columbus is often credited with discovering America, but he actually arrived in the Caribbean islands, specifically the Bahamas, on his first voyage.[([[https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/oct12/columbus-makes-landfall-caribbean/|nationalgeographic]])]
+===== Impact On Indigenous Peoples =====
+His voyages had a profound impact on the indigenous peoples of the Americas, leading to significant changes in their cultures, populations, and societies.[([[https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/1492/eurocla.html|loc]])]
+===== Criticized For Treatment =====
+Columbus is often criticized for his treatment of the indigenous people he encountered, including forced labor and enslavement.[([[https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/12/us/christopher-columbus-slavery-disease-trnd/index.html|cnn]])]
+===== Bringing Back Items =====
+He brought back various items from the New World to Europe, including tobacco, potatoes, and tomatoes, which had a lasting impact on European cuisine.[([[https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/old-and-new-worlds-collide/a/the-columbian-exchange-ka|khanacademy]])]
+===== Horses In Americas =====
+Columbus's voyages introduced horses to the Americas, which had not existed there for thousands of years.[([[https://www.belrea.edu/a-history-of-horses-in-america/|belrea]])]
+===== Death =====
+He died on May 20, 1506, in Valladolid, Spain, at the age of 54.[([[http://columbuslandfall.com/ccnav/death.shtml|columbuslandfall]])]
+===== Burial Place =====
+Columbus's burial place has been disputed, with some claiming he was buried in Spain while others believe he was buried in the Dominican Republic.[([[https://www.thoughtco.com/where-are-christopher-columbus-remains-2136433|thoughtco]])]
+===== Columbus Day =====
+The United States celebrates Columbus Day on the second Monday in October to honor his first voyage to the Americas.[([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Columbus-Day|britannica]])]
+===== Día de la Raza =====
+Many countries in Latin America celebrate Día de la Raza or Columbus Day to commemorate the cultural exchange between Europe and the Americas.[([[https://www.euronews.com/2022/10/12/columbus-day-what-is-celebrated-on-12-october-in-latin-america|euronews]])]
+===== Controversial Figure =====
+Columbus is a controversial figure today, with some viewing him as a heroic explorer and others as a symbol of the negative impacts of European colonization on indigenous peoples.[([[https://www.history.com/news/columbus-day-controversy|history]])]
+===== Various Places Visited In 4 Voyages =====
+Columbus's four voyages took him to various places in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.[([[https://www.worldhistory.org/Christopher_Columbus/|worldhistory]])]
+===== Named Places He Encountered =====
+He named many of the places he encountered, often giving them Spanish names that are still in use today.[([[https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/spanish-colonization/a/the-spanish-conquistadores-and-colonial-empire|khanacademy]])]
+===== 2nd Voyage =====
+On his second voyage in 1493, Columbus established the first European settlement in the Americas, called Isabella, on the island of Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic).[([[https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text1/text1read.htm|nationalhumanitiescenter]])]
+===== 3rd Voyage =====
+Columbus's third voyage in 1498 brought him to the coast of South America, where he explored regions in present-day Venezuela and Trinidad.[([[https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/columbus-lands-in-south-america|history]])]
+===== 4th Voyage =====
+During his fourth and final voyage in 1502, Columbus encountered severe storms and shipwrecks, leading him to seek refuge on the island of Jamaica for over a year.[([[https://jamaicagreathouses.com/seville/columbusletter.html|jamaicagreathouses]])]
+===== Detailed Journals =====
+Columbus kept detailed journals of his voyages, providing valuable historical records of his time.[([[https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/columbus-reports-his-first-voyage-1493|gilderlehrman]])]
+===== Younger Brother =====
+He had a younger brother named Bartholomew Columbus, who also played a role in exploration and mapmaking.[([[https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/subject/christopher-columbus/|gildemarinersmuseumlehrman]])]
+===== Navigational Skills =====
+Columbus was known for his navigational skills, particularly using the astrolabe and quadrant to determine latitude.[([[http://columbuslandfall.com/ccnav/cn.shtml|columbuslandfall]])]
+===== Name Origin =====
+The name "Columbus" comes from the Latinized version of his Italian name, "Christoforus Columbus."[([[https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/yxu0hj/why_is_cristoforo_corombo_and_other_historical/|reddit]])]
+===== Inspiration For Other Explorers =====
+Columbus's expeditions inspired other European explorers, including John Cabot, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan.[([[https://www.britannica.com/topic/European-exploration/The-Age-of-Discovery|britannica]])]
+===== Trying To Find A Route To Asia =====
+In addition to his voyages, Columbus was also interested in finding a westward route to Asia for the spice trade.[([[https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1777/the-spice-trade--the-age-of-exploration/|worldhistory]])]
+===== Ecological Consequences =====
+Columbus's arrival in the Americas had profound ecological consequences, as the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World transformed ecosystems on both continents.[([[https://www.britannica.com/event/Columbian-exchange|britannica]])]
+===== Spreading Christianity =====
+His voyages were instrumental in the spread of Christianity to the Americas, as he brought priests and missionaries with him.[([[https://rsc.byu.edu/window-faith/christopher-columbus-man-destiny|byu]])]
+===== 1st Small Voyage =====
+Columbus's first voyage was relatively small, with a crew of about 90 men.[([[https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/1375/1357/5445|clutejournals]])]
+===== Santo Domingo =====
+The first American colony, Santo Domingo (now the capital of the Dominican Republic), was established during Columbus's time.[([[https://www.britannica.com/place/Santo-Domingo|britannica]])]
+===== Not The First To Reach Americas =====
+Some historians argue that Columbus was not the first European to reach the Americas and that Norse explorers may have reached North America several centuries earlier.[([[https://www.history.com/news/the-viking-explorer-who-beat-columbus-to-america|history]])]
+===== Tobacco =====
+Columbus's discovery of tobacco in the Americas eventually led to the widespread use of tobacco in Europe and the rest of the world.[([[https://tobaccofreelife.org/tobacco/tobacco-history/|tobaccofreelife]])]
+===== Columbus Memorial Lighthouse in Santo Domingo =====
+The Columbus Memorial Lighthouse in Santo Domingo is said to contain the explorer's remains, although this is still debated.[([[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/06/30/who-is-really-buried-in-columbuss-tombs/0296155e-635d-402c-acb4-395e914c828b/|washingtonpost]])]
+===== Myths and legends =====
+Columbus is the subject of many myths and legends, including the story that he proved the Earth was round, which was already widely accepted by his time.[([[https://hup.medium.com/myth-that-before-columbus-geographers-and-other-educated-people-thought-the-earth-was-flat-725c853de211|medium]])]
+===== Never Realized Discovering A New Continent =====
+He never realized that he had stumbled upon a new continent and continued to believe he had reached the outskirts of Asia.[([[https://www.quora.com/When-did-Europeans-realize-that-the-lands-Christopher-Columbus-sailed-to-were-not-Asia-but-in-fact-a-new-continent-entirely|quora]])]
+===== Numerous Challenges =====
+The explorer faced numerous challenges during his voyages, including mutinies, storms, and hostile encounters with indigenous peoples.[([[https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/exploring-the-early-americas/columbus-and-the-taino.html|loc]])]
+===== Arrested =====
+Columbus was arrested and brought back to Spain in chains after his third voyage due to accusations of mismanagement and mistreatment of colonists.[([[https://rsc.byu.edu/christopher-columbus-latter-day-saint-perspective/later-voyages-columbus-governor|byu]])]
+===== Significant Historical Figure =====
+Despite the controversy surrounding his legacy, Christopher Columbus remains a significant historical figure who forever changed the course of world history through his exploration of the Americas.[([[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/fbb06e57-759f-43c2-bf3b-792cee697ee2/external_content.pdf|oapen]])]

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