The Draisine, also known as the “running machine,” was invented by Karl Drais in 1817. It is considered the precursor to the modern bicycle, featuring two wheels in line but no pedals. ¹⁾

The Penny-Farthing, invented in the 1870s, is characterized by its large front wheel and much smaller rear wheel. It was the first machine to be called a “bicycle” and provided a much smoother ride compared to earlier designs. ²⁾

The Safety Bicycle, introduced in the late 19th century, featured equal-sized wheels and a chain-driven rear wheel. This design became the standard for modern bicycles due to its improved safety and stability. ³⁾

The Tour de France, first held in 1903, is one of the most prestigious and grueling bicycle races in the world. It covers approximately 3,500 kilometers (2,200 miles) over three weeks, featuring various terrains and mountain stages. ⁴⁾

BMX (Bicycle Motocross) originated in the 1970s in California, where kids started racing their bikes on dirt tracks. BMX bikes are known for their small frames, 20-inch wheels, and rugged construction, designed for stunt riding and racing. ⁵⁾

Velib' is a large-scale public bicycle sharing system in Paris, launched in 2007. It was one of the first and largest bike-sharing programs in the world, inspiring similar systems globally. ⁶⁾

Mountain biking became popular in the 1970s, with the rugged terrain of Marin County, California, being a key location for the sport's development. Mountain bikes are designed with robust frames, wide tires, and suspension systems to handle off-road conditions. ⁷⁾

Randonneuring is a long-distance, unsupported endurance cycling sport that originated in France. Participants, called “randonneurs,” complete courses of 200 kilometers or more, with events known as “brevets.” ⁸⁾

The cycle rickshaw, a three-wheeled human-powered vehicle, is commonly used for passenger transport in many Asian countries. It provides an eco-friendly mode of transportation in densely populated urban areas. ⁹⁾

Fixed-gear bicycles, or “fixies,” have become popular in urban areas worldwide for their simplicity and low maintenance. They have no freewheel mechanism, meaning the pedals are always in motion when the bike is moving. ¹⁰⁾

Brompton, a British company, is renowned for its high-quality folding bicycles. These bikes are designed for commuters, featuring a compact fold that makes them easy to carry and store. ¹¹⁾

Electric bicycles, or e-bikes, have seen a surge in popularity worldwide, offering pedal-assist or fully electric propulsion. E-bikes make cycling more accessible to a broader audience, especially in hilly or long-distance commutes. ¹²⁾

Recumbent bicycles allow riders to sit in a laid-back reclining position, providing comfort and aerodynamic efficiency. They are popular for long-distance touring and among riders with back or neck issues. ¹³⁾

Bicycle Culture in Copenhagen (Denmark) Copenhagen is known for its strong bicycle culture, with more than 50% of residents commuting by bike. The city features extensive bike lanes, bike-friendly infrastructure, and a bike-sharing program called “Bycyklen.” ¹⁴⁾

Tall bikes are custom-built bicycles with a frame that is significantly taller than standard bikes. They are often used in parades, protests, and urban cycling events to make a visual statement. ¹⁵⁾