Influenza (flu) is an acute, seasonal viral disease caused by the influenza A or B virus. It occurs throughout the world. 1)
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 330 million to as many as 1.5 billion people worldwide contract influenza and influenza-like illnesses annually. Between 500,000 and 1 million of them die. 2)
Flu symptoms usually appear suddenly, within 1-4 days of infection. The most common are fever, headache, fatigue and weakness, dry, agonizing cough, muscle, and joint pain. 3)
The flu usually subsides on its own after 3-7 days, but the cough and feeling of being unwell can persist for more than 2 weeks. 4)
Since influenza is caused by viruses, antibiotics should not be used in its treatment, as they have no effect on viruses and do not shorten the duration of the infection. Unwarranted use of antibiotics results in the buildup of antibiotic resistance and unnecessary exposure to the drug's side effects. 5)
Breastfeeding women sick with influenza and treated with antiviral drugs can safely continue nursing. However, it is important that they wash their hands frequently and wear a face mask when coming into contact with the baby. 6)
Influenza is caused by influenza viruses of type A or B. They have a tendency to mutate, resulting in the need for annual updates to vaccine formulations and annual re-vaccination. 7)
Influenza viruses are transmitted by the droplet route, not only through conversation or sneezing but also through dirty hands or contact with virus-contaminated objects. 8)
Additional tests that can be used in the diagnosis of influenza are various types of virological tests - including detection of the genetic material of the virus (by RT-PCR), isolation of the virus in culture, and rapid antigen test in nasopharyngeal material. 9)